Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. Use the information below to generate a citation. Then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: The dipole moment is calculated by multiplying the distance between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms by the difference in their charge. This formula can be used to calculate the dipole moments of both molecules and atoms. The charge is the number of protons in the molecule, and the distance is the distance between the center of mass and the positive charge. ![]() If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, The dipole moment can be calculated using the following formula: dipole moment charge distance. Then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, Want to cite, share, or modify this book? This book uses the From Force and Torque on a Current Loop, we know that when a current loop interacts with an external magnetic field B → B →, it experiences a torque given by In this case, the magnetic moment can point in five different polar directions.Ī hydrogen atom has a magnetic field, so we expect the hydrogen atom to interact with an external magnetic field-such as the push and pull between two bar magnets. In the d state, the electron has a magnetic moment with five possible values for the z-component of this magnetic moment. ![]() An electric dipole in an external electric field is subjected to a torque pE sin, where is the angle between p and E. In the p state, the electron has a magnetic moment with three possible values for the z-component of this magnetic moment this means that magnetic moment can point in three different polar directions-each antiparallel to the orbital angular momentum vector. The electric dipole moment p of two charges + q and q separated by a distance l is a vector of magnitude p ql with a direction from the negative to the positive charge. This does not mean that the electron is at rest, just that the overall motion of the electron does not produce a magnetic field. In the s state, there is no orbital angular momentum and therefore no magnetic moment.
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